Spain is a country steeped in centuries of history, where every city, plaza, and village tells a tale of its remarkable past. Making it a treasure trove of Things to Do in Spain for curious travelers. From exploring ancient Roman ruins to wandering vibrant Moorish palaces, enjoying a flamenco show in Andalusia. Or relaxing on the sunny beaches of Costa del Sol, Spain offers countless experiences for every type of visitor. This cultural diversity, evident from region to region, brings together Roman aqueducts, Gothic cathedrals, Islamic palaces. And unique local traditions, making Spain one of the most historically rich and exciting destinations in Europe.

History of Spain

Throughout Spain’s early history, the region was a melting pot of civilizations. After the Roman Empire’s fall, the Moors (Muslim rulers from North Africa) took control of the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century, marking an era known for remarkable contributions to science, mathematics, and art. The Moorish influence is especially prominent in Spain’s southern region of Andalusia, where architectural marvels like the Alhambra in Granada and the Great Mosque of Córdoba still stand as reminders of this era.

The Christian Reconquista, a nearly 800-year-long effort to reclaim Spain from the Moors, eventually unified the country under Catholic rule in 1492, when King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella captured the last Muslim stronghold in Granada. This pivotal year also marked Spain’s entrance into the Age of Exploration, as Christopher Columbus set sail from Spain and brought wealth and influence back to the Spanish crown, shaping the nation’s legacy as a global power.

In modern times, Spain has transformed into a country that embraces its heritage while also celebrating contemporary art, literature, and food. Its legacy lives on in the many landmarks, art scenes, culinary hubs, and traditions that travelers can experience firsthand. Whether you’re wandering through Barcelona’s modernist streets, exploring Madrid’s art museums, savoring pintxos in the Basque Country, or enjoying Seville’s iconic flamenco performances, Spain’s history and culture are as vibrant and diverse as its landscape.

With Portugal, Spain’s neighbor to the west, sharing the Iberian Peninsula, many historical ties connect these nations. Their intertwined pasts and shared traditions make both countries ideal destinations for travelers seeking rich cultural and historical experiences.

Things to Do in Spain

1. Wander the Streets of Barcelona

Barcelona is a city that wears its history proudly, yet pulses with modernity. As the capital of Catalonia, Barcelona offers a blend of Gothic architecture, breathtaking Mediterranean views, and an unmistakable art scene.

  • Must-Visit Spots: La Sagrada Familia (Antoni Gaudí’s unfinished masterpiece), Park Güell, and La Rambla, a bustling street lined with shops, cafes, and street performers.
  • Best Time to Visit: May to June or September to October for mild temperatures.
  • What to Bring: Comfortable walking shoes, a good camera, and a sense of adventure.
  • Fun Fact: Gaudí devoted 43 years of his life to building La Sagrada Familia, which is still under construction more than 100 years later.

2. Get Lost in Madrid’s Art Scene

The capital city is not just Spain’s political center but also its cultural heart. Home to some of the world’s most famous art collections, Madrid invites art lovers to wander its many museums and galleries.

  • Must-Visit Spots: The Prado Museum (home to works by Goya, Velázquez, and El Greco), Reina Sofía (Picasso’s Guernica), and Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum.
  • Best Time to Visit: Spring (March-May) or fall (September-November).
  • What to Bring: Art appreciation guides or audio guides, as some museums may not have English labels on artworks.
  • Historical Tidbit: The rivalry between Madrid and Barcelona dates back to Spain’s regional tensions, with Madrid symbolizing Spain’s unity and Catalonia favoring independence.

3. Step Back in Time at the Alhambra in Granada

The Alhambra, a palace and fortress complex in Granada, is one of Spain’s most visited landmarks, an iconic symbol of the Islamic architecture that dominated the region for centuries.

  • Must-Visit Spots: The Nasrid Palaces, Generalife Gardens, and Alcazaba Fortress.
  • Best Time to Visit: Early spring or late autumn to avoid the sweltering summer heat.
  • What to Bring: Sunscreen, water, and pre-purchased tickets (often necessary due to high demand).
  • Historical Insight: The Alhambra was constructed during the Nasrid dynasty and remained an Islamic fortress until the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, conquered Granada in 1492.

4. Celebrate Flamenco in Seville

Flamenco is more than a dance; it’s a soulful performance that weaves song, guitar, and dance into a story of passion and longing. Seville, the capital of Andalusia, is considered the birthplace of flamenco and the heart of Spain’s rich cultural traditions.

  • Must-Visit Spots: Flamenco Museum, Triana neighborhood, and various tablaos (flamenco bars).
  • Best Time to Visit: April during Feria de Abril, Seville’s annual festival with colorful parades, flamenco shows, and bullfights.
  • What to Bring: Evening attire if attending a flamenco show, as some venues have dress codes.
  • Tip: Try to attend an intimate tablao for a more authentic experience instead of larger, tourist-oriented shows.

5. Relax on Costa del Sol’s Beaches

For those craving a Mediterranean escape, Costa del Sol offers miles of sandy beaches, crystal-clear waters, and a laid-back atmosphere that’s perfect for unwinding.

  • Must-Visit Spots: Marbella for luxury vibes, Nerja for scenic cliffs, and Málaga for a mix of beach and city life.
  • Best Time to Visit: June to September for ideal beach weather.
  • What to Bring: Sunscreen, beachwear, and water shoes (some beaches are rocky).
  • Historical Fun Fact: The Costa del Sol was transformed in the 1950s from quiet fishing villages to bustling tourist destinations, thanks to the allure of the Mediterranean lifestyle.

6. Explore the Culinary Delights of San Sebastián

San Sebastián, located in the Basque Country, is renowned for its pintxos (Basque tapas) and Michelin-starred restaurants. The city also boasts a rich history and a charming old town.

  • Must-Visit Spots: Parte Vieja (Old Town) for pintxos, La Concha Beach, and Monte Igueldo for panoramic views.
  • Best Time to Visit: July to September when food festivals like Semana Grande are in full swing.
  • What to Bring: An appetite, as pintxos are best enjoyed in multiple small portions.
  • Tip: Basque Country has its own language, Euskara, but locals also speak Spanish.

7. Marvel at the Roman Aqueduct in Segovia

The ancient Roman aqueduct in Segovia is one of the best-preserved Roman monuments in Spain and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This historical marvel stands as a testament to Roman engineering and is one of Spain’s most photogenic landmarks.

  • Must-Visit Spots: The aqueduct itself, Alcázar of Segovia, and the Gothic-style Segovia Cathedral.
  • Best Time to Visit: Spring or fall for pleasant weather and fewer crowds.
  • What to Bring: A camera to capture the magnificent structure, comfortable shoes for walking.
  • Historical Note: Built without mortar, the aqueduct has stood tall for nearly 2,000 years.

8. Discover the Beaches and Wineries of Mallorca

Mallorca, one of the Balearic Islands, is famed for its beaches, lush landscapes, and top-notch wineries. Known for being a quieter alternative to Ibiza, Mallorca attracts visitors looking to relax and explore.

  • Must-Visit Spots: Cala d’Or for beaches, Palma Cathedral, and various vineyards across the island.
  • Best Time to Visit: April to October.
  • What to Bring: Swimsuit, sunhat, and an appetite for local wine tasting.
  • Interesting Fact: Mallorca has a wine culture dating back to the Roman era, with several local varieties unique to the island.

9. Indulge in a Siesta in Córdoba

Córdoba’s blend of Roman, Islamic, and Christian cultures is displayed beautifully in its architecture and layout, making it one of the most unique destinations in Spain.

  • Must-Visit Spots: The Mezquita (mosque-cathedral), Alcázar of the Christian Monarchs, and the Jewish Quarter.
  • Best Time to Visit: April-May, when the weather is warm and the flowers are in bloom.
  • What to Bring: Lightweight clothing, sunscreen, and water.
  • Cultural Note: Córdoba’s famous Mezquita was originally a mosque and later transformed into a cathedral after the Reconquista.

Brief History of Portugal and Its Connection to Spain

Spain and Portugal share a deeply intertwined history. Despite their cultural and linguistic differences, the two countries were at one point unified under one crown in the Iberian Union from 1580 to 1640. This historical bond allowed the two countries to influence each other’s art, architecture, and maritime history.

For travelers exploring Spain, a trip to Portugal’s historic sites—such as Lisbon’s Belém Tower or Porto’s wine cellars—offers a fascinating look at how these two nations developed side by side. Many routes between southern Spain and Portugal showcase beautiful Iberian landscapes, perfect for a scenic road trip.

Final Travel Tips

  • Language: While English is widely understood in major cities, learning basic Spanish phrases can be helpful.
  • Currency: The Euro (€) is used, with ATMs readily available.
  • Packing List: Comfortable shoes, sunscreen, water bottles, travel adapters (Spain uses type C and F plugs), and layered clothing.
  • Health & Safety: Spain is a very safe country; however, always keep an eye on your belongings, especially in crowded areas.


Wrapping Up

From the ancient streets of Granada to the sandy shores of Costa del Sol, Spain’s rich history, diverse culture, and warm hospitality make it a destination worth exploring. So pack your bags, prepare to indulge in Spanish cuisine, and get ready to make memories that will last a lifetime. And remember, Portugal is just a short trip away, offering even more to discover across the stunning Iberian Peninsula.